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高中英語必修三教案

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高中英語必修三教案【精選5篇】

教案能夠幫助教師提前預測學生可能遇到的問題,并做好解決方案。編寫和使用教案對于教師的教學工作具有重要意義。下面是小編為大家整理的高中英語必修三教案,如果大家喜歡可以分享給身邊的朋友。

高中英語必修三教案

高中英語必修三教案 【篇1】

重點句型

1. We usually think of science subjects asphysics, chemistry, biology and mathematics.

通常我們認為科學學科為物理、化學、生物、和數學。

2. When are they to hand in their plan?

他們的計劃什么時候交上來。

3. Whether we help him or not, he will fail.

不論我們幫助他與否,他都將失敗。

4. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, whichwere in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen andother gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.

它(地球)巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石,最終產生了水蒸氣、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多種氣體,從而形成了地球的大氣層。

5. It was quite different from what I expected.

它和我原來想的很不一樣。

6. This made it possible for us to learn English better.

這使得我們有可能把英語學得更好。

7. Scientist believe that taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and filling the air with oxygen helped life to develop.

科學家認為,從大氣中吸取二氧化碳,并向空氣中釋放氧氣,有助于生命的發展。

8. He has experience as well as knowledge.

他既有學識又有經驗。

9. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere ,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth intospace.

他們把太多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中,這使得熱量不能從地球上散發到太空中。

10. Whether life will continute on the earth formillions of years will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

生命是否會在地球上延續幾百萬年要取決于這個問題能否得到解決。

11. Canada is the second largest country in the world.

加拿大是世界上第二大的國家。

12. Success is within our grasp now.

現在我們成功在望了。

13. I’m feeling slightly better today.

我今天感到好一點了。

14. I prefer to play football rather than stayat home.

我寧愿踢足球而不愿呆在家里。

15. He gave me money as well as advice.(as well as 和;同;也)

他給我忠告并且給我錢。

16. These books are mine; the rest are yours.

這些書是我的,其他的都是你的。

17.I asked her a question but she remainedsilent.(remaine 是連系動詞,意思是“保持,仍然是”)

我問了她一個問題,但她保持沉默。

18. Many people think it is the most beautifulcity in Canada, as it is surrounded by mountains on the north and east and thePacific Ocean on the west.

許多人都認為溫哥華是加拿大最美麗的城市,因為來自它的北面和東面都被大山包圍,而西面瀕臨太平洋。

19. Many of them have a gift for working withanimals and they can win thousands of dollars in prizes.

他們中的許多人擁有與獸共舞的天分,因而能贏得數千美元的獎金。

20. You can have a view of Paris from the EiffelTower.

從埃菲爾鐵塔上你可以看到巴黎全景。

21. Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the mostwealthy and biggest city in Canada.

大約中午時分她們到了多倫多—加拿大最富有、最大的城市。

22. I accompanied him as far as the bus stop.

我陪他一直走到公共汽車站。

高中英語必修三教案 【篇2】

Ⅰ. 常考單詞必背

1.scenery n. 景色;風景

Sometimes they just drive slowly down the lane enjoying the scenery.

有時他們只是沿著小路慢慢地開車,欣賞兩旁的風景。

2. surround vt. &vi. 包圍;圍繞

Jill was sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.

吉爾坐在地板上,周圍擺滿了箱子。

[快速閃記]

(1)be surrounded by/with... 周圍環繞著……;被……包圍

surround oneself with 和……在一起;與……為伍

(2)surrounding adj. (作定語)周圍的;附近的

surroundings n. 周圍的事物(或情況);環境

3. measure vi. &vt. 測量;衡量;判定 n. 計量制;計量單位;措施

The government has taken measures to help the unemployed to find jobs again.

政府已經采取措施來幫助失業者重新就業。

[快速閃記]

take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事

take one's measure 量某人的尺寸

to one's measure 按照某人的尺寸

4.aboard prep.&adv. 在船、飛機、火車或公共汽車上

All the passengers have gone aboard the plane.

所有的乘客都已登機了。

The man with broad shoulders boarded the plane to travel abroad and he only took daily necessaries aboard.

這位肩膀寬闊的人登機去國外旅游,他只攜帶日常用品上飛機。

[快速閃記]

go aboard 上船/飛機/火車

5.within prep. 在……之內

Do what's within your power!

盡力而為!

[快速閃記]

within one's reach 觸手可及

within one's power 力所能及

within the limit of 在……范圍內

6. mix vt.&vi. 混合;調配

I always mix him up with his brother.They look so much alike.

我總是把他和他的弟弟弄混了。他們長得太像了。

[快速閃記]

(1)mix...with... 把……與……混合起來

mix up 弄亂;弄錯;使……充分混合

be/get mixed up with... 與……交往;與……廝混

(2)mixed adj. 混合的

mixture n. 混合(物);混合狀態

7. confirm vt. 證實;證明;批準

It has been confirmed that the singer will give a performance next week.

已經確定這位歌唱家下周演出。

[快速閃記]

confirm sb in sth 使某人確信某事

confirm sth/that... 證實;進一步確定……

It has been confirmed that... 已經確定……

8.terrify vt. 使恐怖;恐嚇

The dog rushing out from the house terrified me.

從屋里竄出的那條狗把我嚇了一跳。

[快速閃記]

(1)terrify sb into doing sth 威脅某人干某事

be terrified of 害怕

(2)terrifying adj. 可怕的;令人恐怖的

terrified adj. 恐懼的;受驚嚇的

9.pleased adj. 欣喜的;高興的;愉快的

We are very pleased with her decision.

我們對她的決定很滿意。

[快速閃記]

修飾人,說明被修飾者的心理感受時,常用下列詞的-ed形式:excite,move,tire,bore,frighten,surprise,astonish,shock,annoy,worry,please,satisfy,disappoint,puzzle,interest等。

10. impress vt. 使印象深刻;使銘記

We were deeply impressed with the beauty of the West Lake.

西湖的美給我們留下了深刻的印象。

[快速閃記]

(1)impress sb with sth = impress sth on sb 給某人留下……印象

be impressed by/at/with sth 對……印象深刻

be impressed on sb/one's mind/memory 使某人印象深刻

(2)impression n. 印象

impressive adj. 給人深刻印象的;感人的

Ⅱ. 高頻短語必會

1. settle down 定居;平靜下來;專心于

I must settle down this morning and finish the term paper.

我今天上午必須安下心來完成學期論文。

[快速閃記]

settle down to (doing) sth 開始認真對待某事物;定下心來做某事

2. manage to do 設法做

He managed to get a few tickets for the Olympic Games.

他設法弄到了幾張奧運會的門票。

3. catch sight of 看見;瞥見

Catching sight of his headteacher,the boy ran away.

看到班主任后,那個男孩跑開了。

[快速閃記]

lose sight of 看不見,消失

out of sight 看不見

within/in sight 在視野內,看得見

4. have a gift for 對……有天賦

He has a gift for painting.

他有繪畫方面的天分。

[快速閃記]

be gifted in/at 在……方面有天賦

have a talent/genius for 有……稟賦;有……方面的才能

5. in the distance 在遠處

We heard gunfire in the distance.

我們聽見了遠處的炮聲。

[快速閃記]

from/at a distance 隔一段距離;從遠處

at a distance of... 在……遠處

keep sb at a distance 避免與某人太親近

6.as far as 遠到……;就……而言

After dinner we often walk as far as the bank of the river.

晚飯后我們常常散步遠到那條河邊。

[快速閃記]

as far as I know 據我所知

as far as I can remember/see/tell... 據我所能記得的/看到的/判斷……

as far as I am concerned 就我而言

高中英語必修三教案 【篇3】

第五單元

1 ) confuse

表示“使糊涂,搞亂,混淆”。

confuse A and/with B 把 A 誤認為是 B 。

形容詞 confused 表示“糊涂的,混雜的”。

2 ) coast

表示“海岸,滑坡”。

the coast in clear 是一習慣用語,表示“沒有被發現或者被捉住的危險”。

3 ) settle down

表示“定居,平靜下來,專心于,舒適地躺著或者坐著”。

有關 settle 的詞組:

settle on sth 決定做某事 settle sth on sb 將……轉讓給某人 settle for sth 勉強認可某事 settle one ’ s/an account ( with sb )為受到的傷害,侮辱等,復仇。

4 ) have a gift for

表示“對……有天賦”。

形容詞 gifted 表示“有天賦的”。 be gifted at/in 表示“對……有天賦”。

gift 也可表示“禮物”。

5 ) border

作及物動詞,表示“與……接壤,給……鑲邊”。

作不及物動詞,后接介詞 on 或 upon ,表示“鄰近,接界,近似,近乎”。

作名詞,表示“邊界,國界”。指具體的邊界線或邊界線內的一帶地方。

還表示“在……的邊緣,正要,將要”。

6 ) official

official “官員,職員,公務員”通常指在政府部門工作的文職官員。

official 作形容詞,表示“官方的,正式的,公務的”。

7 ) tour

作動詞,表示“旅游,觀光,巡回”。

作名詞,表示“游歷,巡行,參觀”。

make/take/go on a tour ( of+ 地點名詞)表示“在(某地)進行旅行”。

on tour 在巡回中。

8 ) distance

表示“距離”,也可以指長時間的久遠。

in the distance 在遠處。

from a distance 從遠處。

keep sb at a distance 對某人疏遠,冷淡地對待某人。

9 ) flow

作名詞,表示“流程,流量,漲潮”。

作動詞,表示“流動,暢通無阻,(講話或寫作)流暢”。

flow in/into 不斷涌入。

10 ) as far as

表示“遠到,直到,就……而言”,也可用 so far as 。

有關 far 的詞組:

by far 很,甚,極 far and away 遠遠,遠遠超過 far and near 遠近,到處 far and wide 廣泛,到處普遍 far away 遙遠的 far from 遠非,決不,完全不 so far as 到……程度,遠到,就……而論 go too far 做得太過分

11 ) speed

作動詞,表示“迅速前進,快行”。

speed up (使)加快,(使)加速,其過去式和過去分詞多用 speeded 。

作名詞,表示“速度,速率”時是不可數名詞;但當表示具體的某種速度時,是可數名詞。

at speed 高速地,迅速地。

at full/top speed 全速,以最快的速度。

12 ) rather

rather … than do … 是……而不是…… 相當于 more … than… or rather 更確切地說

would rather do … than do … 寧愿做……而不愿做…… would rather+ 從句(從句謂語用虛擬語氣)寧愿某人…… prefer to do … rather than… 寧愿做……而不愿意做…… would tather have done …寧愿已經做了……

13 ) measure

①量尺寸,面積,與表示數量的詞(短語)連用,其主語是表示物的名詞。

② take sb ’ s measure 或 take the measure of sb 給某人量尺寸。

③ take measures 采取措施,這時 measure 通常用復數形式。

14 ) manage

區別 manage to do 和 try to do :

manage to do 表示“設法成功完成(了)較困難的事情“,強調結果,相當于 be able to do sth 或 succeed in doing sth ; try to do 表示”盡力,設法去做某事“,強調目的,結果如何,不得而知。

manage 與 can 或 could 連用,表示“能辦好某件難事“,口語中還可以作“吃,渡過”; manage 還可表示“經營,管理”的意思。

高中英語必修三教案 【篇4】

一、單元考點提示

1.單詞

willing ,devote,cure,disadvantage,shock,institute,admire,debt,expedition,

merchant, exist,chart,botany,disaster,crew.

2.短語

devote…to 把……用在;把……獻給

succeed in (干)……成功

give off 發出(光、熱等)

in honour of 為了紀念……;為向……表示敬意

above all 首先;首要

set off 使爆炸;引起;出發

pay off 償清(欠款等)

at sea 在大海上;在航海

take…by surprise 使……吃驚;出奇兵攻占

in charge of 主管;負責

set out 出發;開始

in search of 尋找

3.句型

(1)I’m (not)sure… I’m not sure whether/if…

(2)I doubt if/whether…

(3)Making a map of the east coast was an important job.

(4)The men often fall ill and suffer fever.

(5)They will provide us with eggs and meat.

4.交際英語

(1)I doubt if he’ll be asked to speak again next year.

(2)Perhaps I’ll go to that one.

(3)Maybe it was useful for some people.

(4)How did you find the talk this morning?

(5)I shall insist on leaving at 7 a.m.sharp.

(6)We’ve decided to do sth./that…

(7)Have you decided which boat to take?

(8)I suggest doing sth.

二、考點精析與拓展

1.have something(nothing,much,little)to do with與……有(沒有,有很大,有一點)關系。

①I have nothing to do with that young man.

②His job has something to do with telephones.

③This has little to do with what we are talking about.

④Do you have anything to do with that club?

2.doubt v.& n.懷疑,不相信

n.

of…對……(抱)懷疑或悲觀(態度)

doubt 從句在否定句及疑問句中多跟that

引起的從句,在肯定句中多跟

whether(if)引起的從句。

①I doubt the truth of this report.

②They have never doubted of success.

③I don’t doubt that you are honest.

④Can you doubt that he will win?

⑤I doubt if that was what he wanted.

該詞作名詞時有以下短語

beyond(all)doubt毫無疑問;in doubt懷疑,猶豫,不肯定;no doubt肯定地,想必;without doubt毫無疑問,一定地

①The truth of the story is beyond doubt.

②I was in doubt about what to do.

③No doubt I learned a lot from that lecture.

④Without doubt these theories were all wrong.

3.How do (did )you find…?(你覺得/認為……怎么樣?)是征求對方對某人、某事的看法或意見的用語。回答時在find 后要跟復合賓語。

How did you find the dishes?

(I found them)Tasteless.

How do you find Peter Gray?

I found him dishonest.

4.admit vt.①接納,許可……進入(allow sb./sth.to enter)

He was admitted to the school this year.Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year.

②承認,后可接名詞,doing、從句或復合結構。

I admit my fault.She admitted having read the letter.He admitted that his comprehension was weak.You must admit the task to be difficult.

5.be remembered as…作為……而被人們懷念

He will always be remembered as a national hero.

6. ( be)determined to do sth.下定決心做……

determine to do sth.決定(心)做……

①I was determined not to follow their advice.

②I left him,determined never to set foot in that house again.

③She determined to go that very afternoon.

7.certain某(些),僅作形容詞用法。

①He didn’t come for a certain reason.

②A certain person called on me yesterday.

③She will do it on certain conditions.

some 也可以作此意講,但前面無冠詞

①He is living at some place in East Africa.

②I’ve read that story before in some book of other.

8.succeed in sth.(doing sth.)(干……)成功,其反義詞組;fail in sth.(doing sth.)或fail to do sth.;名詞success;形容詞successful

9.give off,放出(光、煙、氣味等)、散發,

give out,放出,發出(聲音,光線,氣味等),(食物、燃料、力量等)用盡、筋疲力盡。

①These red roses give off a sweet smell.

②This device gives out flashes of light in the fog.

③Both my strength and money gave out.

10.in honour of sb.(sth.) 為了紀念或表示敬意而舉行某活動。

①A memorial meeting was held in his honour.

②It is only a dance in honour of my birthday.

11. devote…to…把……獻給,把……用在

devote oneself to…致力于,獻身于

be devoted to…專心致志于,獻身于,忠于

①Mary devotes too much time to eating.

②He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.

③He devoted himself entirely to music.

④He was still devoted to the study of chemistry.

⑤He is very devoted to his wife.

12.believe in 信任

①We believe in Marxism.

②You can believe in him.

③We believe in our government.

set off (for)出發,動身(去某地)

set off 引爆

13. set out to do sth.著手……

n.

set about

doing開始(著手)做……

①We’ll set off fox Xi’an at six tomorrow.

②Polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb.

③He set out to break the record for the crosschannel swim.④I don’t know how to set about this job.

14.have effect on 對……有影響,相當于affect:

It has had such a bad effect on him.

15.above all 首先,特別是,最重要的是

after all 到底,畢竟

at all (用來加強語氣)與not連用,表示“一點也不,完全不”。

in all 總共

all but 幾乎,差點沒(=almost,nearly)

①We have all but finished the work.

②The day turned out fine after all.

③Children need many things ,but above all they need love.

④He wasn’t at all tired.

⑤Do you feel ill at all(真的,確實)?

⑥There were twenty in all at the party.

16.order food 叫食物

order n.&vt./vi.訂購……

place an order for sth.訂購……

order sth.from…向……訂購……

order sb.sth. order sth.for sb.為某人訂購……

I have ordered you some new clothes.

17.insist on doing sth.堅持做……

suggest doing sth.建議做……

enjoy doing sth.喜歡做……

類似的admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,detest.dis

-like,endure,escape,excuse,face,feellike,finish,forgive,give

up,can’t help,imagine, leave off,mention,mind,miss,postp

-hone,practise,put off, resist,risk,can’t understand,und

-erstand,mean(意味著)

以上這些動詞只能接動名詞作賓語,不能接動詞不定式作賓語。在介詞之間,也只能用動名詞作賓語。

Look forward to,object to ,be used to,in addition to,prefer…to,according to,stick to,etc.

18.live animals活著的動物

(動、植物等)活著的

live adj. (置于名詞之前)

(廣播、電視等的)實況的

作為敘述形容詞則用alive,living

alive,(more alive,most alive)活著的;有活力的,活潑的;(不置于名詞之前)常作表語。

a live (living) fish 一條活魚

不能用an alive fish

a live TV broadcast實況轉播的電視節目

catch a lion alive活捉獅子

①Although old,he is very much alive.

②My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.

③The wounded soldier is still living.

lively adj.精神的,有生氣的,活潑的,生動的

a lively boy,

a lively discussion.

Her talk was lively and interesting.

19.throw away拋棄

throw in插進(話語)

throw off脫

throw out 拋出,丟棄

throw over把……拋過去(拋回),拋棄(朋友)

20.Provide sb.with sth.供給某人……

provide it 供給……,提供……

provide:

n.eg.The hotel will provie tents.

n.+for sb. sb.+with sth.

eg.They provide food and books for the children.

They provide the children with food and books.

provide for贍養,撫養

He had to provide for a big family

supply vt.提供……供給……

n.supply

sth.to sb. sb.with sth.

They didn’t supply those children with books for studying.

They didn’t supply books to those children for studying.

21.go bad 變壞

類似的:go wrong,go mad,etc.

go 通常表示不好的變化。

Alice’s face went red with anger.

My husband’s hair is going gray.

22. at sea 在航海中,在海上

at the sea 在海邊

在英語中,有許多結構用與不用定冠詞在意思方面有著很大的區別。

go to sea 當水手,當海員

go to the sea 到海邊去

keep house 料理家務

keep the house呆在家中不出門

in bed 睡著,躺在床上

in the bed在床上

at play在玩,正在游戲

at the play 在看戲

23.fall ill 生病,得病

①Tom is absent,for he has fallen ill.

②John was caught in the storm and he fell ill.

24.keep sb.healthy使……保持健康

keep,n.“使維持(某種狀態)”后可接adj.(ving,p.p,adv.)等作賓補。

①I was so tired that I could hardly keep myself awake.

②I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.

③Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.

④They kept us out.

⑤Once a cold kept him in bed for three days.

25.take an interest in 對……感興趣

have an interest in 對……感興趣

lose interest in 對……失去興趣

①He has a great interest in stamp-collecting.

②I lost my interest in history.

③His father took no interest in him.

26.pay for 付……的貨款,為……付代價

pay off 全部還清,償請(借款)

①Did you pay 300 yuan to him for that bicycle?

②I have just paid off my loan from the bank.

③You’ll have to pay for your mistakes.

27.suffer v.受苦,遭受。

①She suffered greatly as a child.

②He suffered the loss of a leg during the war.

③She suffers from stomach-aches.

28.break out(戰爭、火災、疾病、瘟疫等的)爆發

①The American Civil War broke out in 1861.

②Fire broke out in the neighbour last night.

break out in (into)…忽然(做出)……

break out in laughter突然放聲大笑

break in (強盜等)強行闖入

break into闖入;打碎(打破)成……

break up 分開,分割

29.take…by surprise對……突然襲擊,出乎……意料。

His parents took him quite by surprise when they suddenly appeared at the door.

30.in charge of prep.擔任……,管理……,負責

in the charge of a personin a person’s charge由(某人)照料(管理)

take charge of 擔任……,接管。

My father is in charge of this company.

31.set sail 揚帆啟航

The ship set sail for Europe.

32.head south向南行

head vi.向……前進,朝某方面行進。后面接for,forward的介詞短語,或表示方向的副詞east,eastward等。

①Where are we heading?

②Those ships are heading for HongKong.

高中英語必修三教案

高中英語必修三教案 【篇5】

第三單元

1 ) bet

make a bet 打賭

place/put a bet on 在……下賭注

one ’ s best bet 最好的辦法

作動詞,表示“打賭,賭博”,后直接加賓語。

I bet ( that )表示“我敢肯定”,相當于 I am sure 。

you bet 表示“肯定,沒問題”,相當于 certainly 。

2 ) scene

scene 表示“(戲劇,電影中的)一幕 / 一場,出事地點,現場,情景;風景,布景”。

behind the scenes 在幕后;秘密地。

on the scene 在現場。

set the scene ( for sth )作事前的現場描述,為……做準備。

come on the scene 到現場。

3 ) stage

表示“舞臺,戲劇,階段”,可以表示“路程,一段路,(事故發生的)現場”。

be/go on the stage 當演員,登臺演出

set the stage for sth 為某事做準備。

4 ) tale

是可數名詞,表示“傳說,故事”。

tell its own tale 不言自喻,顯而易見。

5 ) permit

作動詞,后接名詞或者代詞,表示“允許,答應”;也可以表示“使可能”。

后接不定式的復合結構。

后接動名詞,不能直接跟不定式。

分詞短語作狀語。

后不能跟從句。

permit of sth 認可,容忍。

作名詞,表示“許可證,執照,許可”。

6 ) account

作名詞,表示“敘述,報道,理由,賬目,戶頭”。

by/from all accounts 根據大家所說的。

give an account of 敘述,報道,說明。

作名詞,表示“認為”時,后接復合賓語。

account for 表示“做出解釋,導致,是……的原因”,還可以表示“占,捕獲”。

常見的詞組:

out of account 不考慮 on all accounts/on every account 無論如何 on no account 決不

take … into account/take account of … 對……加以考慮,顧及…… turn … to good account 利用

7 ) jealous

be jealous of sb 嫉妒,唯恐某人被他人奪走。

be jealous of sth 妒忌,精心守護。

8 ) issue

作動詞,表示“發行,出版,發布“。

issue sb with sth 將某物發給某人。

issue in 導致。

作名詞,表示“流出,發行,(出版物的)期號,爭端”。

at issue 要考慮的,意見不同的。

take issue with sb ( on/over/about )就某事論某人。

9 ) bow

bow at sb 朝某人鞠躬 bow to sb 鞠躬迎接某人

bow sb in/into 鞠躬迎入某人 bow sb out 鞠躬送走某人

bow to sth 順從某事

take a/one ’ s bow (演員)鞠躬謝幕( bow 作名詞)。

10 ) pretend

作及物動詞,后接動詞不定式, that 從句,名詞。

pretend to sth 表示“自以為有……”,后面接名詞,常指“學問,智慧,美德”。

11 )有關 trouble 的詞組:

get into trouble 陷入困境,惹麻煩 ask for/look for/borrow trouble 自找麻煩,自討苦吃

be a trouble to sb 對某人是個麻煩 be a trouble to do 干某事是件麻煩事

be in trouble 處于困境 get sb into trouble 使某人陷入困境 get out of trouble 擺脫困境

have trouble doing sth 做某事很費力 make trouble 鬧事,搗亂 make trouble for sb 給某人帶來麻煩 take the trouble to do sth=take the troublein doing sth 不辭勞苦地做某事 trouble sb to do sth 麻煩某人做某事 trouble sb for sth 麻煩某人某事

3. 語法

名詞性從句

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses )。 名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組 , 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞

引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:

連詞: that (無任何詞意)

whether,if (均表示“是否”表明從句內容的不確定性)

as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)

以上在從句中均不充當任何成分

連接代詞: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,

whose, which.whichever,whomever

連接副詞: when, where, how, why

不可省略的連詞:

1. 介詞后的連詞

2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy.

We heard the news that our team had won.

比較:

whether 與 if 均為”是否”的意思。 但在下列情況下,whether 不能被 if 取代:

1. whether 引導主語從句并在句首

2. 引導表語從句

3. whether 從句作介詞賓語

4. 從句后有” or not ”

Whether he will come is not clear.

大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置于句末,用 it 充當形式主語。

二 . 主語從句

作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞 that , whether ,if 和連接代詞 what , who , which , whatever , whoever 以及連接副詞 how , when , where , why 等詞引導。 that 在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當從句的成分。

有時為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語 it 代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首,而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下:

( 1 ) It + be + 名詞 + that 從句

( 2 ) It + be + 形容詞 + that 從句

( 3 ) It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that 從句

( 4 ) It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句

另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“ (should) +do ”,常用的句型有:

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that …

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that …

三、賓語從句

名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。

1. 由連接詞 that 引導的賓語從句

由連接詞 that 引導賓語從句時, that 在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是并列句時 , 第二個分句前的 that 不可省

注意:在 demand 、order 、suggest 、decide 、insist, desire, request, command 等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后,賓語從句常用“( should ) + 動詞原形”。

2. 用 who , whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever,whichever 等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。

3. 用 whether 或 if 引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外, whether 與 if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用 whether ,不用 if :

a. 引導主語從句并在句首時;b. 引導表語從句時; c. 引導從句作介詞賓語時;d. 從句后有“ or not ”時; e. 后接動詞不定式時。

4. 注意賓語從句中的時態呼應,當主句動詞是現在時,從句根據自身的句子情況,而使用不同時態。

當主句動詞是過去時態( could, would 除外),從句則要用相應的過去時態,如一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理,科學原理,自然現象,則從句仍用現在時態。

5. think, believe, imagine, suppose 等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變為否定式。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。

四、表語從句

在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,表語從句位于連系動詞后,有時用 as if 引導。其基本結構為:主語 + 系動詞 + that 從句。

需要注意的,當主語是 reason 時,表語從句要用 that 引導而不是 because 。

【注意】 whether 可引導表語從句,但與之同義的 if 卻通常不用于引導表語從句。

五、同位語從句

同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。同位語從句通常由 that 引導,可用于同位語從句的名詞有 advice 、demand 、doubt 、fact 、hope 、idea 、information 、message 、news 、order 、problem 、promise 、question 、request 、suggestion 、truth 、wish 、word 等。

同位語從句和定語從句的區別:

that 作為關系代詞,可以引導定語從句,充當句子成分,在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that 引導同位語從句時,起連詞的作用,沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,一般不能省略。

試比較下面兩個例句 :

I had no idea that you were here .( that 引導同位語從句,不能省略)

Have you got the idea ( that ) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece ?( that 引導定語從句,作賓語,可以省略)

六、名詞性 that- 從句

1 )由從屬連詞 that 引導的從句叫做名詞性 that- 從句。 That 只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。名詞性 that- 從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語,例如:

主語: That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他還活著全靠運氣。

賓語: John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。

表語: The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。

同位語:The fact that he has not been seen recentlydisturbs everyone in his office.

近來誰也沒有見過他,這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。

形容詞賓語: I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.

你對工作滿意我感到很高興。

2 ) That- 從句作主語通常用 it 作先行詞,而將 that- 從句置于句末,例如:

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整個計劃注定要失敗。

It ’ s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。

用 it 作形式主語的 that- 從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系:

a. It + be + 形容詞 + that- 從句

It is necessary that … 有必要……

It is important that … 重要的是……

It is obvious that … 很明顯……

b. It + be + -ed 分詞 + that- 從句

It is believed that … 人們相信……

It is known to all that … 從所周知……

It has been decided that … 已決定……

c. It + be + 名詞 + that- 從句

It is common knowledge that ………是常識

It is a surprise that … 令人驚奇的是……

It is a fact that … 事實是……

d. It + 不及物動詞 + that- 分句

It appears that … 似乎……

It happens that … 碰巧……

It occurred to me that … 我突然想起……

七、名詞性 wh- 從句

1 )由 wh- 詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性 wh- 從句。 Wh- 詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever,which, whichever 等連接代詞和 where, when, how, why 等連接副詞。 Wh- 從句的語法功能除了和 that- 從句一樣外,還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等,例如:

主語: How the book will sell dependson its author. 書銷售如何取決于作者本人。

直接賓語: In one ’ s own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以隨心所欲。

間接賓語: The club will give whoever wins a prize.

俱樂部將給得勝者設獎。

表語: My question is who will takeover president of the Foundation. 我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。

賓語補足語: She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。

同位語: I have no idea when he will return.

我不知道他什么時候回來。

形容詞賓語: I ’ m not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請。

介詞賓語: That depends on where we shall go.

那取決于我們去哪兒。

2 ) Wh- 從句作主語也常用先行詞 it 做形式主語,而將 wh- 從句置于句末,例如:

It is not yet decided who will do that job.

還沒決定誰做這項工作。

It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時結婚依然不明。

八、if, whether 引導的名詞從句

1 ) yes-no 型疑問從句

從屬連詞 if, whether 引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的,因此也分別被稱為 yes-no 型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句,其功能和 wh- 從句的功能相同, 例如:

主語: Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。

賓語: Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。

表語: The point is whether we should lend him the money. 問題在于我們是否應該借錢給他。

同位語: They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他們調查他是否值得信賴。

形容詞賓語: She ’ s doubtful whether weshall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。

介詞賓語: I worry about whether he canpass through the crisis of his illness. 我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。

2 )選擇性疑問從句

選擇性疑問從句由關聯詞 if/whether … or 或 whether … or not 構成,例如:

Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。

I don ’ t care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。

if 和 whether 的區別:

1 、在動詞不定式之前只能用whether 。

2 、在 whether …… ornot 的固定搭配中。

3 、在介詞后,只能用whether 。

4 、賓語從句放在句首表示強調時,只能用 whether 。

5 、用 if 會引起歧義時,只用 whether 。

九、否定轉移

1) 將 think,believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine 等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。注意:若謂語動詞為 hope, 賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉移。

2) 將 seem,appear 等后的從句的否定轉移到前面。

3) 有時將動名詞,介詞短語或整個從句的否定轉變為對謂語動詞的否定。

4) 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉移到謂語動詞前。

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